Name	Saint David
Birth date	''date unknown, c.500''
Schooled at	Llantwit Major
Death date	1 March, c.589
Feast day	1 March
Venerated in	Catholic Church,Anglican Communion,Orthodox Church
Birth place	Caerfai, Pembrokeshire, Wales
Death place	St David's, Pembrokeshire, Wales
Titles	Bishop
Canonised date	1123
Canonised place	Rome, Italy, officially recognised
Canonised by	Pope Calixtus II
Attributes	bishop with a dove,usually on his shoulder, sometimes standingon a raised hillock
Patronage	Wales; Pembrokeshire; vegetarians; poets
Major shrine	St David's Cathedral, Pembrokeshire, Walesshrine largely extant,controversial bones in casket
Issues	The earliest of the supposed bones of Saint David and Saint Justinian housed in a casket in the Holy Trinity Chapel of St David's Cathedral have been carbon-dated to the 12th century.
Prayer attrib	}}

Saint David (''c''. 500–589) () was a Welsh Bishop during the 6th century; he was later regarded as a saint and as the patron saint of Wales. David was a native of Wales, and a relatively large amount of information is known about his life. However, his birth date is still uncertain, as suggestions range from 462 to 512. The Annales Cambriae has his death at 601, which would move his birth date forward.

Early life

David became a pupil of Saint Illtud at Llanilltud Fawr () like Saints Samson of Dol, Gildas and Paul Aurelian. Rhygyfarch, the late 11th century author of the saint's life story (see below), wrote that David was the son of ''sanctus rex ceredigionis'', where ''Sanctus'' has been interpreted as a proper name and its owner honoured by Welsh Christians as ''Sandde, King of Ceredigion''. However, this Latin phrase can equally well mean simply "holy king of Ceredigion". The king of Ceredigion around the time of David's birth would have been Usai. According to Rhygyfarch, Sandde was his brother, so probably only a king of part of Ceredigion. They were sons of King Ceredig, founder of Ceredigion. The saint was conceived through violence and his mother, St. Non, the daughter of Lord Cynyr of Caer Goch (in Pembrokeshire), gave birth to him on a cliff top during a violent storm. The site is marked by the Chapel of St Non. David was educated at what is usually taken to be Whitland in Carmarthenshire under Saint Paulinus of Wales and was baptised by St. Ailbe, Bishop of Emly.

Monasticism

Many of the traditional tales about David are found in the ''Buchedd Dewi'', a hagiography written by Rhygyfarch in the late 11th century. Rhygyfarch claimed it was based on documents found in the cathedral archives. Modern historians are sceptical of some of its claims: one of Rhygyfarch's aims was to establish some independence for the Welsh church, which had refused the Roman rite until the 8th century and now, following the Norman invasion of England in 1066, was to seek a metropolitan status equal to that of Canterbury.

He became renowned as a teacher and preacher, founding monastic settlements and churches in Wales, Dumnonia and Brittany in a period when neighbouring tribal regions (that were to be overrun by Anglo-Saxon or Frankish tribes over the following three hundred years) were still mostly pagan. He rose to a bishopric and presided over two synods as well as going on pilgrimages to Jerusalem (where he was anointed as an archbishop by the Patriarch) and Rome. St David's Cathedral stands on the site of the monastery he founded in the 'Glyn Rhosyn' valley in Pembrokeshire.

The Monastic Rule of David prescribed that monks had to pull the plough themselves without draught animals, must drink only water eat only bread with salt and herbs and spend the evenings in prayer, reading and writing. No personal possessions were allowed: to say "my book" was an offence. He lived a simple life and practiced asceticism, teaching his followers to refrain from eating meat or drinking beer. His symbol, also the symbol of Wales, is the leek (this is questioned by some authorities and largely comes from reference in Shakespeare's Henry V, VI 1). His emblem is a dove.

His best-known miracle is said to have taken place when he was preaching in the middle of a large crowd at the Synod of Brefi: the village of Llanddewi Brefi is said to stand on the spot where the miracle occurred. When those at the back complained that they could not see or hear him the ground on which he stood is reputed to have risen up to form a small hill so that everyone had a good view. A white dove was seen settling on his shoulder — a sign of God's grace and blessing. John Davies notes that one can scarcely "conceive of any miracle more superfluous" in that part of Wales than the creation of a new hill. A more mundane interpretation is that he simply recommended that the synod participants move to the hilltop. In works of art, David is frequently shown with a dove on his shoulder. It is significant that David is said to have denounced Pelagianism during this incident and that he was anointed archbishop by the Patriarch of Jerusalem, a position confirmed at the Synod of Llanddewi Brefi by popular acclaim according to Rhygyfarch. The claim of St David's Metropolitan Status as an archbishopric (and thus of the same status as Canterbury) was later supported by Bernard, Bishop of St David's, Geoffrey of Monmouth and Gerald of Wales.

Connections to Glastonbury

Rhygyfarch stated that Glastonbury Abbey was amongst the many churches David founded. Around forty years later William of Malmesbury believing the Abbey was older than this, said that David visited Glastonbury intending only to rededicate the Abbey, as well as to donate a travelling altar including a great sapphire. He had a vision of Jesus, who said that "the church had been dedicated long ago by Himself in honour of His Mother, and it was not seemly that it should be re-dedicated by human hands". So David instead commissioned an extension to be built to the abbey, east of the Old Church. (The dimensions of this extension given by William were verified archaeologically in 1921). One manuscript indicates that a sapphire altar was among the items King Henry VIII confiscated from the abbey at its dissolution a thousand years later. There are unverifiable indications that the sapphire may now be among the Crown Jewels.

Death

It is claimed that David lived for over 100 years, and he died on a Tuesday 1 March (now St David's Day). It is generally accepted that this was around 590, making the actual year 589. The monastery is said to have been 'filled with angels as Christ received his soul.' His last words to his followers were in a sermon on the previous Sunday. Rhygyfarch transcribes these as 'Be joyful, and keep your faith and your creed. Do the little things that you have seen me do and heard about. I will walk the path that our fathers have trod before us.' 'Do the little things in life' ('Gwnewch y pethau bychain mewn bywyd') is today a very well known phrase in Welsh.

David was buried at St David's Cathedral at St David's, Pembrokeshire, where his shrine was a popular place of pilgrimage throughout the Middle Ages. During the 10th and 11th centuries the Cathedral was regularly raided by Vikings who removed the shrine from the church and stripped off the precious metal adornments. In 1275 a new shrine was constructed, the ruined base of which remains to this day (see photo), which was originally surmounted by an ornamental wooden canopy with murals of St David, St Patrick and St Denis of France. The relics of St David and St Justinian were kept in a portable casket on the stone base of the shrine. It was at this shrine that Edward I came to pray in 1284. During the reformation Bishop Barlow (1536–48), a staunch Protestant, stripped the shrine of its jewels and confiscated the relics of David and Justinian.

Reputation

David's popularity in Wales is shown by the Armes Prydein Vawr c.930, a popular prophetic poem in which the poet prophesied that in the future, when all might seem lost, the Cymry (the Welsh people) would unite behind the standard of David to defeat the English; ''A lluman glân Dewi a ddyrchafant'' ("And they will raise the pure banner of Dewi").

Unlike many contemporary 'saints' of Wales, David was officially recognised by the Vatican by Pope Callixtus II in 1120, thanks to the work of Bernard, Bishop of St David's. Music for his office has been edited by O.T. Edwards in ''Matins, Lauds and Vespers for St David’s Day: the Medieval Office of the Welsh Patron Saint in National Library of Wales MS 20541 E'' (Cambridge, 1990)

David's life and teachings have inspired a choral work by Welsh composer Karl Jenkins, ''Dewi Sant''. It is a seven-movement work that is best known for the classical crossover series Adiemus, which intersperses movements reflecting the themes of David's last sermon with those drawing from three Psalms. An oratorio by another Welsh composer Arwel Hughes, also entitled ''Dewi Sant'', was composed in 1950.

Saint David is also thought to be associated with corpse candles, lights that would warn of the imminent death of a member of the community. The story goes that David prayed for his people to have some warning of their death, so that they could prepare themselves. In a vision, David's wish was granted and told that from then on, people who lived in the land of Dewi Sant (Saint David) "would be forewarned by the dim light of mysterious tapers when and where the death might be expected." The color and/or size of the tapers indicated whether the person to die would be a woman, man, or child.

See also

Christian vegetarianism

St David's Cathedral

St David's Day

Corpse Candles

Notes

References

''Vitae Sanctorum Britanniae et Genealogiae'' (Latin), ed. Arthur W. Wade-Evans. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1944.

St. David the Briton, in ''St. Joseph of Arimathea at Glastonbury Or the Apostolic Church of Britain'' by Lionel Smithett Lewis, page 198

St. David's Day section of ''Observations on the popular antiquities of Great Britain: chiefly chiefly illustrating the origin of our vulgar customs, ceremonies and superstitions'', Volume 1 (Google Books facsimile) by John Brand, page 102

St. David's Day section of ''Observations on popular antiquities, chiefly illustrating the origin of our vulgar customs, ceremonies and superstitions : Arranged and rev., with additions'', Volume 1 (ASCII text) by John Brand

External links

St David — patron saint of Wales

Saints SQPN.com » Saint David of Wales

Category:589 deaths Category:6th-century bishops Category:6th-century Christian saints Category:Anglican saints Category:Ascetics Category:Bishops of St David's Saint David Category:Eastern Orthodox saints Category:History of Pembrokeshire Category:People from Pembrokeshire Category:Welsh royalty Category:Welsh saints Category:Welsh Roman Catholic saints Category:Welsh vegetarians Category:Year of birth uncertain

ar:ديوي br:Divi ca:David de Gal·les cy:Dewi Sant de:David von Menevia es:David (patrón de Gales) fr:David de Ménevie ga:Naomh Dáibhí gd:Naomh Daibhidh it:David del Galles nl:David (heilige) ja:デイヴィッド (聖人) no:David av Wales nrm:Saint Dâvi pl:Dawid z Menevii pt:São David ru:Давид Валлийский sco:Saunt Dauvit simple:Saint David sh:Sveti David fi:Pyhä David sv:David av Menevia tl:San David

Name	Ahmad Dhani
Birth name	Dhani Ahmad Prasetyo
Birth date	May 26, 1972
Birth place	Surabaya, Indonesia,
Instrument	VoiceGuitarKeyboard
Genre	RockPopAlternative
Occupation	Musician, Entrepreneur
Years active	1986–present
Associated acts	Dewa 19 Mulan Jameela Agnes Monica T.R.I.A.D. Mahadewa
Website	[www.ahmaddhani.com] 130pxAhmad Dhani's signature
Background	solo_singer }}

Dhani Ahmad Prasetyo (born May 26, 1972 in Surabaya), better known as Ahmad Dhani or Dhani Manaf, is an Indonesian rock musician, songwriter, arranger, and producer. Described as a "rock star", Dhani is the frontman of Dewa 19 and Ahmad Band, and also a member of inter-continental band The Rock. He is also the owner and chairman of Republic Cinta Management.

Throughout his career, Dhani has scored many hits and also has been a talent promoter for the careers of other artist including Maia Ahmad, Agnes Monica, Alexa Key and Mulan Jameela, and has written songs for these artists and others. He has won numerous awards including the IMA best musical arrangement and best producer and many other awards as the member of Dewa 19. His influence in the industry made him one of the most influential musician in Southeast Asia.

Early life

Ahmad Dhani was the first child of three children of the marriage between Eddy Abdul Manaf, an Indonesian Diplomat with Joyce Theresia Pamela Kohler, an Indonesian of German descent. His grandfather, Jan Pieter Friederich Kohler was a German and born in Indonesia 1883. Dhani stepbrother, Dadang S. Manaf is an acknowledged Indonesian musician and is a big influence on Dhani musical interest since his childhood. Dhani's father bought him a keyboard when he was young and paid for musical lessons, highly persuading him and hoping Dhani would excel in classical music.

Career

Dewa 19

Dhani's musical talent began to show when he still in secondary school. Along with his friends Andra Junaidi, Erwin Prasetya, and Henry Juniarso, he formed the band Dewa 19 {ofter referred to as Dewa} in 1986 of which Dhani act as a vocalist and keyboardist. Highly interested in music, Dhani often skipped school just to hang out with his friends and play musical instruments at Henry's house in the area of Airlangga University complex.

Early in his Dewa career, Dhani begin to put an interest in jazz music which is then followed by the change in the name of Dewa into Downbeat. Together with Downbeat, Dhani won the Youth Jazz Festival in East Java, and became the first winner of Festival '90, a high school band competition at the Djarum Super Fiesta Musical. But finally back to focus on Rock genre and flying the flag of Dewa with the addition of a new vocalist Ari Lasso.

Since there is no adequate studio in Surabaya, in 1991 Ahmad Dhani moved to Jakarta to look for a record company for Dewa 19. With minimum investment, Dhani step into the national capital city, roaming from one record company to another using public buses. Having been rejected by a number of labels, eventually Dhani's talent was recognized and Dewa is recruited by Jan Djuhana from Team Records. Their first album ''Dewa 19'' (1992) became a huge success with a number of hits such as "Kangen" and "Kita Tidak Sedang Bercinta Lagi". The album was the best-selling album of 1993 and Dewa was awarded as best newcomer in the Indonesian Music Awards.

Since its inception, Dhani has helped to produce eleven albums for the band including ''Dewa 19'' (1992), ''Format Masa Depan'' (1994), ''Terbaik Terbaik'' (1995), Pandawa Lima (1997), The Best Of Dewa 19 (1999), Bintang Lima (2000), Cintailah Cinta (2002), Atas Nama Cinta I & II (2004), Laskar Cinta (2004), Republik Cinta (2006), dan Kerajaan Cinta (2007). Although it has been through several changes of personnel, Dewa 19 still is a one of the biggest forces in the Indonesian music arena mainly with Dhani as their driving force.

His album ''Warriors of Love'' (''Laskar Cinta'') reportedly "challenged militant ideology" and was "massively popular" in Indonesia.

Personal life

Dhani married Maia Estianty in 1994, after a long relationship when both are still in secondary school at SMA Negeri 2 Surabaya. They have 3 children from their marriage of which Dhani named after Islamic prominent Sufi leader whom he admires, namely Ahmad Al Gazali, El Jalaluddin Rumi, and Ahmad Abdul Qadir Jilani. Since late 2006, Dhani and his wife had been in an affair of 'accused alleges' that led to the divorce suit filed by Maia Estianty. Their households officially ended on September 23, 2008 through the decisions of judges in South Jakarta Sharia Court. Dhani had since married Mulan Jameela, a singer and former member of the disbanded duo pop group Ratu of which Maia is the other member.

He is highly influnced by the British rock band Queen.

References

External links

"Republic Cinta Management"

"Ahmad Dhani Meets With Children at Rumah Belajar", US Department of State

"Eddy Abdul Manaf Interview"

"Ahmad Dhani, Yahudi, dan Lagu Cinta"

Category:1972 births Category:Indonesian-language singers Category:Indonesian male singers Category:Indonesian Muslims Category:Indonesian pop singers Category:Indonesian rock singers Category:Indonesian songwriters Category:Anugerah Musik Indonesia winners Category:Living people Category:Musicians from East Java Category:People from Surabaya Category:Reality television judges Category:Dewa 19 members

es:Ahmad Dhani id:Ahmad Dhani jv:Ahmad Dhani ms:Dhani Ahmad Prasetyo

name	Julia Perez
birth date	July 15, 1980
birth place	Jakarta, Indonesia
birth name	Yuli Rachmawati
othername	Julia Perez
occupation	ActressSinger
spouse	Damien Perez (Divorced)
website	}}

Yuli Rachmawati, also known as Julia Perez or Jupe (born July 15, 1980 in Jakarta), is an Indonesian actress, dangdut singer, model, announcer, and political candidate. She has been dubbed "sex bomb" because of her sexy performances.

Her career began in France. Her relationship with Damien Perez opened her opportunity to model for FHM and Maxim magazines in France. Because of her layout in FHM and Maxim, Jupe was nominated as one of the 100 Sexiest Women in the World.

In 2010, Ms. Perez announced her candidacy for local office in Pacitan, Indonesia.

On October 11, 2011, the East Jakarta Court sentenced Julia Perez three months in jail with six months probation for assaulting Dewi Persik on the set during the shooting of the horror film "Arwah Goyang Karawang".

Discography

Kamasutra (Julia Perez album)

OST Arwah Goyang Karawang

Acting

Soap opera

Cinta Lokasi

Rahasia Ilahi

Komedi Nakal

Iman

Mimpi Manis

Hidayah

bola sepak

Kemilau Cinta Kamila

Cinta Fitri

Laptop si Unyil

Bolang (Bocah Lanang)

Memburu Maho

Upin dan Ipin

Other activities

Julia Perez has appointed as Amateur Boxing Manager for Garuda Team which will be held at June 2 to 9, 2011 in Batam, Riau Islands Province.

References

External links

Profile in KapanLagi.com

Category:1980 births Category:Indonesian-language singers Category:Indonesian dangdut singers Category:Indonesian female models Category:Indonesian female singers Category:Indonesian film actors Category:Living people Category:People from Jakarta Category:Betawi people Category:Sundanese people Category:Indonesian Muslims

ace:Julia Perez map-bms:Julia Perez bjn:Julia Perez es:Julia Pérez id:Julia Perez jv:Julia Perez ms:Julia Perez su:Julia Perez war:Julia Perez